Environmental Technologies and Practices
CLIA Global Oceangoing Cruise Lines - August 2023
Cruise Lines International Association (CLIA), the leading voice of the global cruise industry, today released its 2023 Global Cruise Industry Environmental Technologies and Practices Report, showing concrete progress by the sector in advancing its environmental and sustainability agenda.
The 2023 order book data shows that cruise lines continue investment in new vessels with 44 new ships on order during the next five years, representing an investment of $62 billion since 2019. Of these new ships, 25 will be LNG- powered and seven will be either methanol ready on delivery, or methanol capable, representing an investment in new engine technologies that will accelerate the maritime transition towards a future of low to zero carbon fuels.
Examples of progress cited include the number of alternative fuels pilot programs and trials currently in place with cruise ships. In addition, an increasing number of vessels sailing and launching over the next five years will either use alternative fuels or will be able to incorporate zero carbon fuels when they become available. The 2023 report also demonstrates other significant investments cruise lines are making to reduce emissions at berth and at sea, such as shoreside electricity, which allows cruise ships to switch off engines for significant emissions reduction while in port.
More cruise lines are diversifying energy solutions by incorporating multi-fuel engines, trialing fuel cell technology, wind (including solid sail) technology, as well as photovoltaic solutions and battery storage for power shaving.
Efficiency tracking systems are now in use on 171 CLIA-member ships, representing 60% of the global fleet, with many more systems planned.
In addition, cruise lines are pursuing fuel flexibility, investing today in propulsion technologies with conversion capabilities for the future—with 32 pilot projects and collaborative initiatives underway with sustainable fuel producers and engine companies.
President, and CEO, CLIA, Kelly Craighead said: “Cruise lines continue to transform the modern fleet to protect the oceans, air and destinations enjoyed by millions of passengers each year. Our data shows a step change in the uptake of new environmental technologies by our cruise line members. Already today cruise lines are building the ships of the future which will run on new, more sustainable engine technologies. The introduction of these new technologies and the many pilot programs and trials in place reveal how the cruise industry is an innovator and early adopter of technologies that are helping us sail to a more sustainable future.”
The availability of sustainable marine fuels remains essential to achieving the maritime industry’s decarbonisation goals and underscores the need for governments to support research efforts to accelerate development of these fuels so that they are safe, viable and available for use.
This table provides aggregated data across CLIA’s global oceangoing cruise line membership. The table reflects the number of ships equipped with certain technologies, corresponding passenger capacities (lower berth at double occupancy) and the percentage of the entire fleet represented.
AUGUST 2023
|
INVESTMENTS, COMMITMENTS AND PRACTICES |
SHIPS REPORTING |
AGGREGATE % OF REPORTING SHIPS |
CAPACITY LOWER BERTH DOUBLE OCCUPANCY
|
AGGREGATE % OF REPORTING CAPACITY |
NOTES |
|
Oceangoing Ships Reporting |
264 |
90.1% |
603,440 |
98.3% |
Cruise lines continue to transform the modern fleet to protect the oceans, air and destinations enjoyed by millions of passengers each year. CLIA’s Waste Management Policy is available here. Each year, cruise line CEO’s verify implementation as a condition of membership. The Policy is incorporated into each ship’s Safety Management System (SMS) and is subject to third party and internal auditing. Additional environmental reports, including third party research on air and waste water performance, are available here. Many individual cruise line sustainability reports are publicly available on company websites. |
|
New Ships On Order* |
40 |
115,422 |
|||
|
Ships (to be) added to the fleet between 1 January and 31 December of Measure Year |
10 |
25,343 |
|||
|
Ships (planned to be) removed from the fleet between 1 January and 31 December of Measure Year |
5 |
6,747 |
1.2% |
||
|
Average age of fleet as of 1 January of Measure Year |
14.1 |
||||
EXHAUST GAS CLEANING SYSTEMS (EGCS) |
|||||
|
INVESTMENTS, COMMITMENTS AND PRACTICES |
SHIPS REPORTING |
AGGREGATE % OF REPORTING SHIPS |
CAPACITY LOWER BERTH DOUBLE OCCUPANCY
|
AGGREGATE % OF REPORTING CAPACITY |
NOTES |
|
Ships fitted with exhaust gas cleaning systems (EGCS) |
159 |
60.2% |
466,356 |
77.3% |
EGCS systems remove 99% of sulfur & well over 50% of particulate matter, including elemental & organic carbon. Catalytic filter & other systems further reduce particulate matter by over 30% & reduce nitrogen oxides by up to 12%. Existing & forecast EGCS installations are for hybrid or open loop systems and many include wash water filters. Some include a catalytic filter on the engine exhaust prior to the EGCS, as well as continuous monitoring equipment to automatically record all parameters. A variety of technologies further clean the EGCS wash water stream including fine-mesh filtration, purification, centrifugal separation & dissolved air with flocculant. EGCS wash water filter residue & process tank residue are disposed of ashore. Additional information on EGCS performance is available here and here. |
|
- Ships fitted with open loop EGCS |
88 |
33.3% |
229,213 |
38.0% |
|
|
- Ships fitted with open loop EGCS and additional wash water filters |
78 |
29.5% |
207,203 |
34.3% |
|
|
- Ships fitted with hybrid EGCS |
71 |
26.9% |
237,143 |
39.3% |
|
|
- Ships fitted with hybrid EGCS and additional wash water filters |
50 |
18.9% |
171,921 |
28.5% |
|
|
New build ships committed to be fitted with EGCS |
7 |
23,573 |
|||
|
|||||
LIQUIFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) |
|||||
|
INVESTMENTS, COMMITMENTS AND PRACTICES |
SHIPS REPORTING |
AGGREGATE % OF REPORTING SHIPS |
CAPACITY LOWER BERTH DOUBLE OCCUPANCY
|
AGGREGATE % OF REPORTING CAPACITY |
NOTES |
|
Ships able to operate on LNG in port |
15 |
5.7% |
61,864 |
10.3% |
LNG has virtually zero sulfur emissions, a 95% – 100% reduction in particulate emissions, an 85% reduction in NOx emissions, and up to a 20% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. |
|
Ships using LNG as primary fuel for propulsion |
13 |
4.9% |
55,284 |
9.2% |
|
|
New build ships committed to use LNG as primary fuel for propulsion |
13 |
62,279 |
|||
|
|||||
ALTERNATIVE FUELS |
|||||
|
INVESTMENTS, COMMITMENTS AND PRACTICES |
SHIPS REPORTING |
AGGREGATE % OF REPORTING SHIPS |
CAPACITY LOWER BERTH DOUBLE OCCUPANCY
|
AGGREGATE % OF REPORTING CAPACITY |
NOTES |
|
Ships capable of using biodiesel |
197 |
74.6% |
466,669 |
77.3% |
Many cruise ships are equipped to operate on both biodiesel and traditional fossil fuels. Ships use Marine Gas Oil (MGO) in many regions to comply with IMO ECAs (North America & Caribbean Sea, North Sea and Baltic Sea), EU Mediterranean Sea ports, the Arctic, China’s emission control area, Australian ports and to meet other locally imposed requirements. Ships may also use Very Low Sulphur Fuel Oil (VLSFO) or Ultra Low Sulphur Fuel Oil (ULSFO) in these regions to comply with emissions requirements. Ships fitted with EGCS will generally use this equivalent technology unless its use is not permitted and will use MGO where specifically required. CLIA Members have also committed to not burn HFO in the Arctic ahead of the IMO use and carriage ban. Planning for the uptake of alternative fuels and energy sources is continually evolving and constantly reassessed considering a rapidly changing landscape. Click here for a current snapshot of 2023 industry-level data showing the alternative fuels and energy sources in use, being piloted/trialed on ships, or anticipated for newbuilds. |
SHORE SIDE ELECTRICITY |
|||||
|
INVESTMENTS, COMMITMENTS AND PRACTICES |
SHIPS REPORTING |
AGGREGATE % OF REPORTING SHIPS |
CAPACITY LOWER BERTH DOUBLE OCCUPANCY
|
AGGREGATE % OF REPORTING CAPACITY |
NOTES |
|
Ships fitted with Shore Side Electricity (SSE) systems |
120 |
45.5% |
316,811 |
52.5% |
The following 32 ports visited by CLIA oceangoing ships (up from 29 last year) are fitted with shore side electricity capability for at least one berth: |
|
Ships planned to be retrofitted with SSE systems |
67 |
25.4% |
126,464 |
21.0% |
|
|
New build ships committed to be fitted with SSE systems |
35 |
104,058 |
|||
|
|||||
ADDITIONAL AIR POLLUTION & ENERGY EFFICIENCY TECHNOLOGIES |
|||||
|
INVESTMENTS, COMMITMENTS AND PRACTICES |
SHIPS REPORTING |
AGGREGATE % OF REPORTING SHIPS |
CAPACITY LOWER BERTH DOUBLE OCCUPANCY
|
AGGREGATE % OF REPORTING CAPACITY |
NOTES |
|
Ships fitted with particulate filters |
36 |
13.6% |
94,151 |
15.6% |
Some ships equipped with Selective Catalytic Reduction systems (SCR) use them in every port and when transiting inbound and outbound. |
|
Ships fitted with Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) Systems |
53 |
20.1% |
95,776 |
15.9% |
|
|
Ships capable of complying with NOx Tier III limits |
58 |
22.0% |
128,694 |
21.3% |
|
|
Ships that have air lubrication systems fitted |
20 |
7.6% |
73,670 |
12.2% |
|
|
Ships with low friction anti-fouling hull coatings installed |
254 |
96.2% |
582,742 |
96.6% |
|
WASTE WATER |
|||||
|
INVESTMENTS, COMMITMENTS AND PRACTICES |
SHIPS REPORTING |
AGGREGATE % OF REPORTING SHIPS |
CAPACITY LOWER BERTH DOUBLE OCCUPANCY
|
AGGREGATE % OF REPORTING CAPACITY |
NOTES |
|
Ships that have an advanced waste water treatment system on board, approved, used and capable of meeting or exceeding IMO MARPOL Annex IV discharge norms |
202 |
76.5% |
484,629 |
80.3% |
Many ships are equipped with advanced waste water treatment systems (AWTS) that are capable of exceeding MARPOL Annex IV requirements and are operated to meet or exceed the more stringent sewage discharge criteria in Alaskan waters and/or the Baltic Sea Special Area, as well as gray water requirements under the U.S. Vessel General Permit (VGP). CLIA Member Lines recognize the extraordinary eutrophication situation in the Baltic Sea. CLIA supports the special area requirements for MARPOL ANNEX IV waste and works with the local and regional authorities for its success, including the existing commitment to provide adequate Port Reception Facilities. By CLIA policy, bio-residual from advanced waste water treatment systems may be landed ashore, dried and incinerated or discharged at sea in accordance with MARPOL Annex IV when the ship is more than 12 nm from nearest land while moving at a speed greater than 4 knots. |
|
New build ships that will have an advanced waste water treatment system on board, approved and capable of meeting or exceeding IMO MARPOL Annex IV discharge norms. |
10 |
25,343 |
|||
|
Ships that have a waste water treatment system on board, approved and capable of meeting the discharge standards of the IMO MARPOL Annex IV Baltic Sea Special Area |
75 |
28.4% |
173,022 |
28.7% |
|
|
|||||
OTHER |
||||
|
INVESTMENTS, COMMITMENTS AND PRACTICES |
SHIPS REPORTING |
AGGREGATE % OF REPORTING SHIPS |
CAPACITY LOWER BERTH DOUBLE OCCUPANCY
|
AGGREGATE % OF REPORTING CAPACITY |
|
Ships with a Biofouling Management Plan |
253 |
95.8% |
599,450 |
99.3% |
|
Ships fitted with Water Fuel Emulsion (WFE) technology/treatments |
53 |
20.1% |
120,492 |
20.0% |
Cruise Industry Alternative Fuels and Energy Sources - May 2023
- The information herein reflects input from CLIA Members representing more than 90% of the industry by capacity.
- This data set is just a snapshot in time; planning for the uptake of alternative fuels and energy sources is continually evolving and constantly reassessed considering a rapidly changing landscape. Ships may be designed to carry and use one or more specific fuel types listed; however, the future fuel pathways to which such ships might transition are not accounted for (e.g., potential future transition of an LNG ship to synthetic LNG or E-LNG).
- The uptake of alternative fuels and energy sources remains critical to the cruise industry's pursuit of net-zero carbon cruising by 2050. The cruise sector is part of a broader maritime industry that must compete for safe and compliant alternative fuels and energy sources to meet existing commitments and regulatory requirements that are under development. While demand is high, availability is uncertain; the uncertainty increases for forecasts that are further into the future.
- Additional innovations, including shoreside electricity (SSE) capability and other sustainability data, are available in CLIA's annual Environmental Technologies and Practices Inventory data.
# of Ships |
|||
|
In Use |
Trial/Pilot |
Newbuild |
|
|
Alternative Fossil Fuels |
|||
|
Methanoli |
7 |
||
|
Fossil Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) |
12 |
34 |
|
|
Biofuelsi |
|||
|
Renewable Diesel (Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO)) from 1st generation feedstock iii |
4 |
6 |
1 |
|
Renewable Diesel (HVO) from 2d generation feedstock |
2 |
||
|
Methanol from 2nd and 3rd generation feedstocks |
1 |
3 |
|
|
Dimethyl Ether (DME) from mixed generation feedstock |
1 |
||
|
Diesel (FAME) from 1st generation feedstock |
2 |
||
|
Diesel (FAME) from 2nd generation feedstock |
8 |
||
|
Liquid Biogas (LBG) |
4 |
||
|
Synthetic Carbon Fuels iv |
|||
|
E-Diesel (Fischer-Tropsch Diesel) |
1 |
||
|
E-Methanol |
1 |
2 |
|
|
E-LNG |
3 |
||
|
Zero Carbon / Green Fuels v |
|||
|
Green Methanol |
5 |
||
|
Green Hydrogen |
2 |
||
|
Energy Source/Technology |
|||
|
Hydrogen Fuel Cells |
2 |
6 |
|
|
Methanol Fuel Cells |
1 |
||
|
LNG Fuel Cells vi |
1 |
4 |
|
|
Dual Fuel Engines |
10 |
13 |
|
|
Efficiency Tracking Systems / Software |
171 |
2 |
22 |
|
Wind (including solid sail technology) |
3 |
||
|
Battery Storage (Power Shaving) |
1 |
1 |
2 |
|
Photovoltaic / Solar |
5 |
||
i Methanol (CH3OH) is a clear, colorless liquid that is soluble in water and is composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Liquid methanol can be toxic to humans. It is most commonly produced on a commercial scale from natural gas, but it can also be produced from renewable sources such as biomass, or by means of electrolysis powered by renewable power and supported with carbon capture technology.
ii Biofuels are liquid fuels produced from biomass. Biomass means the biodegradable fraction of products, waste, and residues from biological origin from agriculture, including plants, vegetables, and animal substances, from forestry and related industries, including fisheries and aquaculture, as well as the biodegradable fraction of waste, including industrial and municipal waste of biological origin. Biofuels are widely recognized as a necessary component of the decarbonization pathway for the cruise sector and the broader maritime industry. Cruise operators remain focused on biofuels which are sustainably produced or processed using renewable resources. In this context, the criteria in the European Renewable Energy Directive (RED) provides a helpful starting point for what is allowable for use while cruise lines also recognize that guidance on global lifecycle assessment of marine fuels and emissions factors will be particularly relevant and remain under development at the IMO.
iii Feedstocks can be 1st generation (edible oil—sunflower, palm, corn, rapeseed, and soybean), 2nd generation (non-edible oil—Jatropha and castor bean, plant waste biomass, and animal fat), and 3rd generation (microalgae).
iv Synthetic fuel is a generic term applied to any manufactured fuel with the approximate composition and comparable specific energy of a natural fuel. It is primarily used to refer to carbon-based liquid or gaseous fuels manufactured, via chemical conversion processes, from a carbon source such as coal, carbon dioxide (CO2), natural gas, biogas, or biomass. This includes using established conventional fossil-based processes. Electrofuels (eFuels) are advanced gaseous and liquid fuels normally produced from hydrogen and often captured carbon dioxide (CO2) and which use sustainable electricity as the principal power source for the generation of the fuel. The “e” refers to the method of production of the fuel.
v Green fuels are those where the production employs electrolysis—the separation of hydrogen and oxygen molecules by applying electrical energy to water. To be a green fuel, renewable sources such as wind and solar power are used to generate the electricity for the separation process. When applied to fuels such as methanol, it normally means that the hydrogen is produced in this way and the carbon dioxide (CO2) used has been captured from the air.
vi LNG Fuel Cells include Sulfur Oxide (SOFC) or Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) systems; some applications include an LNG SOFC demonstrator for electricity production from LNG.
AUGUST 2022
|
INVESTMENTS, COMMITMENTS AND PRACTICES |
SHIPS REPORTING |
CAPACITY LOWER BERTH DOUBLE OCCUPANCY
|
AGGREGATE % OF REPORTING CAPACITY |
NOTES |
|
Oceangoing Ships Reporting |
241 |
555,635 |
95.9% |
Cruise lines continue to transform the modern fleet to protect the oceans, air and destinations enjoyed by millions of passengers each year. CLIA’s Waste Management Policy is available here. Each year, cruise line CEO’s verify implementation as a condition of membership. The Policy is incorporated into each ship’s Safety Management System (SMS) and is subject to third party and internal auditing. Additional environmental reports, including third party research on air and waste water performance, are available here. Many individual cruise line sustainability reports are publicly available on company websites. |
|
New Ships On Order |
53 |
141,912 |
||
|
Ships (to be) added to the fleet between 1 January and 31 December of Measure Year |
9 |
26,912 |
||
|
Ships (planned to be) removed from the fleet between 1 January and 31 December of Measure Year |
5 |
6,747 |
1.2% |
|
|
Average age of fleet as of 1 January of Measure Year |
14.1 |
|||
EXHAUST GAS CLEANING SYSTEMS (EGCS) |
||||
|
INVESTMENTS, COMMITMENTS AND PRACTICES |
SHIPS REPORTING |
CAPACITY LOWER BERTH DOUBLE OCCUPANCY
|
AGGREGATE % OF REPORTING CAPACITY |
NOTES |
|
Ships fitted with exhaust gas cleaning systems (EGCS) |
152 |
439,046 |
84.8% |
EGCS systems remove 99% of sulfur & well over 50% of particulate matter, including elemental & organic carbon. Catalytic filter & other systems further reduce particulate matter by over 30% & reduce nitrogen oxides by up to 12%. Existing & forecast EGCS installations are for hybrid or open loop systems and many include wash water filters. Some include a catalytic filter on the engine exhaust prior to the EGCS, as well as continuous monitoring equipment to automatically record all parameters. A variety of technologies further clean the EGCS wash water stream including fine-mesh filtration, purification, centrifugal separation & dissolved air with flocculant. EGCS wash water filter residue & process tank residue are disposed of ashore. Additional information on EGCS performance is available here and here. |
|
- Ships fitted with open loop EGCS |
86 |
221,777 |
42.8% |
|
|
- Ships fitted with open loop EGCS and additional wash water filters |
72 |
190,023 |
34.2% |
|
|
- Ships fitted with hybrid EGCS |
66 |
217,269 |
42% |
|
|
- Ships fitted with hybrid EGCS and additional wash water filters |
46 |
155,349 |
28.0% |
|
|
New build ships committed to be fitted with EGCS |
19 |
48,334 |
||
LIQUIFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) |
||||
|
INVESTMENTS, COMMITMENTS AND PRACTICES |
SHIPS REPORTING |
CAPACITY LOWER BERTH DOUBLE OCCUPANCY
|
AGGREGATE % OF REPORTING CAPACITY |
NOTES |
|
Ships able to operate on LNG in port |
11 |
44,431 |
8.0% |
LNG has virtually zero sulfur emissions, a 95% – 100% reduction in particulate emissions, an 85% reduction in NOx emissions, and up to a 20% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. |
|
Ships using LNG as primary fuel for propulsion |
9 |
37,859 |
6.8% |
|
|
New build ships committed to use LNG as primary fuel for propulsion |
23 |
86,832 |
||
ALTERNATIVE FUELS |
||||
|
INVESTMENTS, COMMITMENTS AND PRACTICES |
SHIPS REPORTING |
CAPACITY LOWER BERTH DOUBLE OCCUPANCY
|
AGGREGATE % OF REPORTING CAPACITY |
NOTES |
|
Ships capable of using alternative fuels other than LNG (methanol, biodiesel etc.) |
179 |
415,384 |
74.8% |
Many cruise ships are equipped to operate on both biodiesel and traditional fossil fuels. Cruise lines are investing in pilot projects aimed at developing sustainable marine fuels including biofuels and synthetic fuels to operate, where possible, with existing ship systems. Several companies are exploring fuel cell and equivalent technologies for future new builds or retrofit projects. Ships use Marine Gas Oil (MGO) in many regions to comply with IMO ECAs (North America & Caribbean Sea, North Sea and Baltic Sea), EU Mediterranean Sea ports, the Arctic, China’s emission control area, Australian ports and to meet other locally imposed requirements. Ships may also use Very Low Sulphur Fuel Oil (VLSFO) or Ultra Low Sulphur Fuel Oil (ULSFO) in these regions to comply with emissions requirements. Ships fitted with EGCS will generally use this equivalent technology unless its use is not permitted and will use MGO where specifically required. CLIA Members have also committed to not burn HFO in the Arctic ahead of the IMO use and carriage ban. |
SHORE SIDE ELECTRICITY |
||||
|
INVESTMENTS, COMMITMENTS AND PRACTICES |
SHIPS REPORTING |
CAPACITY LOWER BERTH DOUBLE OCCUPANCY
|
AGGREGATE % OF REPORTING CAPACITY |
NOTES |
|
Ships fitted with Shore Side Electricity (SSE) systems |
81 |
222,941 |
40.1% |
The following 29 ports/specific berths visited by CLIA oceangoing ships are fitted with shore side electricity capability for at least one berth: North America: Brooklyn NY, Juneau AK, Long Beach CA, Los
Angeles / San Pedro
CA, Oakland CA, San Diego CA, San Francisco CA, Seattle WA, Halifax NS, Montreal
QC, Vancouver
BC |
|
Ships planned to be retrofitted with SSE systems |
83 |
163,680 |
29.5% |
|
|
New build ships committed to be fitted with SSE systems |
45 |
139,468 |
||
ADDITIONAL AIR POLLUTION & ENERGY EFFICIENCY TECHNOLOGIES |
||||
|
INVESTMENTS, COMMITMENTS AND PRACTICES |
SHIPS REPORTING |
CAPACITY LOWER BERTH DOUBLE OCCUPANCY
|
AGGREGATE % OF REPORTING CAPACITY |
NOTES |
|
Ships fitted with particulate filters |
26 |
69,041 |
12.4% |
Some ships equipped with Selective Catalytic Reduction systems (SCR) use them in every port and when transiting inbound and outbound. |
|
Ships fitted with Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) Systems |
37 |
60,845 |
11.0% |
|
|
Ships capable of complying with NOx Tier III limits |
41 |
85,975 |
15.5% |
|
|
Ships that have air lubrication systems fitted |
19 |
63,314 |
11.4% |
|
|
Ships with low friction anti-fouling hull coatings installed |
231 |
532,843 |
95.9% |
|
WASTE WATER |
||||
|
INVESTMENTS, COMMITMENTS AND PRACTICES |
SHIPS REPORTING |
CAPACITY LOWER BERTH DOUBLE OCCUPANCY
|
AGGREGATE % OF REPORTING CAPACITY |
NOTES |
|
Ships that have an advanced waste water treatment system on board, approved, used and capable of meeting or exceeding IMO MARPOL Annex IV discharge norms |
182 |
434,070 |
78.1% |
Many ships are equipped with advanced waste water treatment systems (AWTS) that are capable of exceeding MARPOL Annex IV requirements and are operated to meet or exceed the more stringent sewage discharge criteria in Alaskan waters and/or the Baltic Sea Special Area, as well as gray water requirements under the U.S. Vessel General Permit (VGP). CLIA Member Lines recognize the extraordinary eutrophication situation in the Baltic Sea. CLIA supports the special area requirements for MARPOL ANNEX IV waste and works with the local and regional authorities for its success, including the existing commitment to provide adequate Port Reception Facilities. By CLIA policy, bio-residual from advanced waste water treatment systems may be landed ashore, dried and incinerated or discharged at sea in accordance with MARPOL Annex IV when the ship is more than 12 nm from nearest land while moving at a speed greater than 4 knots. |
|
New build ships that will have an advanced waste water treatment system on board, approved and capable of meeting or exceeding IMO MARPOL Annex IV discharge norms. |
53 |
141,912 |
||
|
Ships that have a waste water treatment system on board, approved and capable of meeting the discharge standards of the IMO MARPOL Annex IV Baltic Sea Special Area |
62 |
129,862 |
23.4% |
|
OTHER |
|||
|
INVESTMENTS, COMMITMENTS AND PRACTICES |
SHIPS REPORTING |
CAPACITY LOWER BERTH DOUBLE OCCUPANCY
|
AGGREGATE % OF REPORTING CAPACITY |
|
Ships with a Biofouling Management Plan |
232 |
552,037 |
99.4% |
|
Ships fitted with Water Fuel Emulsion (WFE) technology/treatments |
52 |
119,913 |
21.6% |